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Termites are known to take pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 are considered as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging workers, and it is perhaps the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177
Many plants have developed effective defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they have passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This lowers the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.
When kept near the extract, they become disoriented and eventually perish.181.
Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those caused by human intervention. A Brazilian study investigated the termite assemblages of three sites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 sites, and 196 encounters were listed in the transects.
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The wood-feeders were the most severely affected feeding team. .
A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 components, both the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the structure itself, which is constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main classes: subterranean (entirely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (constructed above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shield tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of earth and mud.
Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of now nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.
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To construct their nests, termites primarily use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and soil, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not many nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are situated underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only dwell inside tunnels.
Nests and mounds shield the termites' soft bodies against desiccation, mild, pathogens and parasites, in addition to providing a fortification against predators.188Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .
Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change results from bacterial decay in the gut of their termites: they use their faeces as a carton building material. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.
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Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the planet's surface. A mound provides termites the exact same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in regions having torrential and continuous rainfall are at risk of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection from the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.
By way of example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, since the width of the tunnels is little enough for soldiers to obstruct.192 A highly protected room, known as the"queens mobile", houses the queen and king and is employed as a final line of defence. .
Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of check it out chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3Â to 4Â metres (9Â to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8Â feet) wide.
The sculptured mounds occasionally have fancy and distinctive types, such as the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes look here meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to assist thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.